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Lehrende: Maximilian Wegener
Veranstaltungsart:
Seminar
Orga-Einheit: Politics, Administration & International Relations
Anzeige im Stundenplan:
Ausgewählte The. IB
Semesterwochenstunden:
3
Credits:
6,0
Standort:
Campus der Zeppelin Universität
Unterrichtssprache:
Englisch
Min. | Max. Teilnehmerzahl:
10 | 37
Prioritätsschema: Standard-Priorisierung
Inhalte:
This seminar deals with the four major mass atrocity crimes identified by the 2005 UN World Summit, namely, genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and ethnic cleansing. What do these terms describe? What role do they play in international politics? How do they come about, what causes them? And how are we able to successfully prevent, to use the words of Hannah Arendt, the most shattering examples of “human wickedness” displayed in genocidal atrocities all over the world?
In order to address these questions, we start by looking at the conceptual evolution of mass atrocities, thereby dealing with the many political, ethical, and legal definitions of highly contested terms. After delineating the conceptual boundaries, we turn to the question of why such crimes occur? What causes mass killings and the systematic perpetration of inhumanities like in Armenia, Cambodia, Bosnia or during the Holocaust? Why do people murder their former neighbours, colleagues, and even family members in contexts such as 1994 Rwanda or 2017 Myanmar? We aim to answer these questions by considering the macro-, meso-, and micro-level drivers of mass atrocities identified in contemporary genocide studies. We thus deal with (1) structural root causes such as political upheaval, instability, and exclusionary ideology, with (2) specific triggers that turn a high-risk scenario into turmoil like contested elections or high-level assassinations, as well as with (3) micro-level insights focusing on the individual motivations and backstories of perpetrators, victims, facilitators, and bystanders. Apart from such factors of escalation, we shed light on potential sources of restraint which can enable high-risk cases to retreat from the brink of genocidal violence.
In the second part of the seminar, we turn to the concept of atrocity prevention. By considering both legal and ethical arguments, we address the question whether there is, or should be, a universal duty to prevent. This then leads us to the practical hallmarks of “successful” atrocity prevention. We examine a number of case studies in order to identify what both structural as well as direct prevention entails and under what conditions preventive measures fail or succeed. How can we measure success in this context? Which kinds of measures are at our disposal in order to comprehensively prevent mass killings? How can we predict specific triggers and the outbreak of large-scale violence against civilians? How can we tackle both structural root causes and imminent high-risk scenarios on the ground? What role do international vis-à-vis local actors play? We seek to address these and other questions in order to finally sketch out a potential way forward for both atrocity research and the politics of prevention.
Weitere Informationen zu den Prüfungsleistungen:
The course assessment is based on both (1) one group presentation during the semester covering a specific question related to genocide research and the politics of prevention (midterm) as well as (2) one final essay which is due at the end of the semester (endterm).
Midterm: 30%; Endterm: 70%
Literatur:
Session 1
Straus, S. (2016). Fundamentals of Genocide and Mass Atrocity Prevention (Introduction, pp. 1- 18). Washington, D.C.: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
Session 2
Scheffer, D. (2006). Genocide and Atrocity Crimes. Genocide Studies and Prevention, 1 (3): 229-250.
Rosenberg, S. (2012). Genocide Is a Process, Not an Event. Genocide Studies and Prevention, 7 (1): 16-23.
Session 3
Harff, B. (2003). No Lessons Learned from the Holocaust? Assessing Risks of Genocide and Political Mass Murder Since 1955. American Political Science Review, 97 (1): 57-73.
Leader Maynard, J. & Benesch, S. (2016). Dangerous Speech and Dangerous Ideology: An Integrated Model for Monitoring and Prevention. Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal, 9 (3): 70-95.
Session 4
Klusemann, S. (2012). Massacres as Process: A Micro-Sociological Theory of Internal Patterns of Mass Atrocities. European Journal of Criminology, 9 (5): 468-480.
Straus, S. (2015). Triggers of Mass Atrocities. Politics and Governance, 3 (3): 5-15.
Session 5
Baum, S. (2008). The Psychology of Genocide. Perpetrators, Bystanders, and Rescuers. Cambridge/ New York: Cambridge University Press.
Williams, T. & D. Pfeiffer (2017). Unpacking the Mind of Evil. A Sociological Role of Intent and Motivations of Genocide. Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal, 11 (2): 72-87.
Session 6
Straus, S. (2012). Retreating from the Brink: Theorizing Mass Violence and the Dynamics of Restraint. Perspectives on Politics, 10 (2): 343-362.
McLoughlin, S. (2016). From Reaction to Resilience in Mass Atrocity Prevention: An Analysis of the 2013 UN Report "The Responsibility to Protect: State Responsibility and Prevention". Global Governance, 22 (4): 473-489.
Session 7
Pattison, J. (2015). Mapping the Responsibilities to Protect: A Typology of International Duties. Global Responsibility to Protect, 7 (2): 190-210.
Tan (2006). Tan, K.-C. (2006). The Duty to Protect. In: Nardin, T. & Williams, M. (eds.). Humanitarian Intervention (84-116). New York: New York University Press.
Session 8
Akhavan, P. (2011). Preventing Genocide: Measuring Success by What Does Not Happen. Criminal Law Forum, 22: 1-33.
Reike, R.; Sharma, S. & Welsh, J. (2013). A Strategic Framework for Mass Atrocity Prevention (ACMC Paper Series). Canberra: Australian Civil-Military Centre & Oxford Institute for Ethics, Law and Armed Conflict.
Session 9
Lambourne, W. (2009). Transitional Justice and Peacebuilding after Mass Violence. International Journal of Transitional Justice, 3 (1): 28-48.
Straus, S. (2016). Fundamentals of Genocide and Mass Atrocity Prevention (Chapters 9 & 10, pp. 187-230). Washington, D.C.: United States Holocaust Memorial Museum.
Session 10
Bellamy, A. J. (2016). Operationalizing the ‘Atrocity Prevention Lens’: Making Prevention a Living Reality. In: Rosenberg, S.; Galis, T. & Zucker, A. (eds.). Reconstructing Atrocity Prevention (61-80). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
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